{"id":5490,"date":"2021-06-01T04:16:08","date_gmt":"2021-06-01T04:16:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.elca.org\/jle\/?p=5490"},"modified":"2021-06-02T15:39:29","modified_gmt":"2021-06-02T15:39:29","slug":"the-violence-of-the-biblical-god-canonical-narrative-and-christian-faith-by-l-daniel-hawk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learn.elca.org\/jle\/the-violence-of-the-biblical-god-canonical-narrative-and-christian-faith-by-l-daniel-hawk\/","title":{"rendered":"Review: The Violence of the Biblical God: Canonical Narrative and Christian Faith by L. Daniel Hawk"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[1] In a \u201cLetters\u201d response to an appraisal of this book, author Daniel Hawk writes: \u201cThe review reveals that I missed the bar, and missed it considerably in some instances&#8230;I therefore find the critique painfully illuminating and appreciate [Shai Held\u2019s] pressing it with all due force\u201d (<em>Christian Century<\/em>, September 11, 2019, p. 6). \u00a0The reviewer\u2019s concern addressed displacement\/replacement theologies regarding the Jewish people by new covenant Christians.\u00a0 My interest, however, was in Professor Hawk\u2019s modesty, care, gracious reply to criticism and the openness to correction exhibited by his letter.\u00a0 His magnanimous spirit drew me to purchase and read <em>The Violence of the Biblical God<\/em>.\u00a0 I was not disappointed.<\/p>\n<p>[2] Dr. Hawk, United Methodist Pastor and Professor of Old Testament and Hebrew at Ohio\u2019s Ashland Theological Seminary is exceptionally well-qualified.\u00a0 Writes Fuller Seminary\u2019s Emeritus Old Testament Professor John Goldingay, \u201c&#8230;other biblical scholars&#8230;worry about a particular topic or book for most of their academic lives&#8230;Dan Hawk is that kind of scholar.\u00a0 He has been badgering the topic of war and violence for forty years\u201d (Foreword, p. ix).<\/p>\n<p>[3] There\u2019s a tenderness in Professor Hawk\u2019s approach and writing.\u00a0 He takes great care with the biblical accounts, encourages us to \u201cthink biblically\u201d rather than have \u201cbiblical answers,\u201d and focuses on dialogue within the greater Christian community.\u00a0 Especially valuable are probing questions raised within most chapters, often paragraph-in-length, to engage readers; the clear summation principles that conclude each major section; and, an expansive \u201ccommunal interpretation\u201d approach stemming in part from Ashland\u2019s Brethren Church community-in-grace culture which fosters enriching dialogue rather than contentious debate.<\/p>\n<p>[4] The text offers necessary correctives.\u00a0 Militant \u201cwarrior zealot\u201d Christian interpretative imaginations, patterned after the Civil War\u2019s fighting Episcopal Bishop and General Leonidas Polk, Presbyterian Elder Thomas J. \u201cStonewall\u201d Jackson, or \u201csharp-toothed, Old Testament, Canaanite-slaying, emotion-driven, martial religiosity&#8230;\u201d may discover nuanced, more balanced approaches to the divine\u2019s entry into human conflict (see <em>God\u2019s Hiddenness in Combat<\/em>, by Preston Jones, p. 18).\u00a0 Embracing YHWH as a \u201c&#8230;loving and devoted God&#8211;even a passionate God&#8211;but&#8230;not an angry God\u201d (p. 107), where justice is less punishment and vengeance but rather a restoration of equilibrium and balance, helps dispel notions of a wrath-filled, unpredictable, volatile, and fickle biblical deity.<\/p>\n<p>[5] Additionally, out-and-out pacifist perspectives are subject to an interpretive openness, wherein \u201cJesus\u2019s teachings on enemy love and nonretaliation possess an interpretive slipperiness that renders them an unstable foundation upon which to base absolutizing pronouncements\u201d (p. 192).\u00a0 Holy war, the \u201cprosecution of any war with a sense of transcendence&#8230;to legitimate national means and ends\u201d drawn from the biblical accounts of the conquest of Canaan, \u201ccannot properly be taken as a model to be imitated.\u201d (p. 168).\u00a0 Inferences possibly reinvigorating \u201cJust War Tradition\u201d imperatives are also uncovered, as the author describes \u201cDivine violence in Judges [as] controlled, focused, and managed&#8230;[while] the violence generated by human beings is excessive, unpredictable, and often uncontrollable\u201d (p. 114).<\/p>\n<p>[6] The exegesis and analysis found within <em>The Violence of the Biblical God<\/em> will not settle easy with some of the faithful.\u00a0 Those drawn to an \u201call-encompassing explanation for the disparate and violent portraits of God in the Bible\u201d with a \u201cclear-cut, definitive template on the question of divine violence\u201d receive little affirmation from Professor Hawk (pp. 1, xiv).\u00a0 Theologians from rich and deep confessional traditions may have difficulty with perspectives that require God \u201cto work within the limitations and brokenness of the system.\u201d Similarly they may resist images of a God who works at the center of society in the Old Testament and primarily on the margins (\u201cfrom outside\u201d) in the New (pp. 54, 199).<\/p>\n<p>[7] Some, desiring a quick-and-easy read, will be taken aback by the long and hard, patient wrestling required by this well-written text.\u00a0 Those wishing to refine\/reform\/correct difficult notions about God and violence by means of simple, cut-and-dried, systematized theologies may discover informative insights but little to bolster their cause.\u00a0 And, the book\u2019s title may confuse the uninitiated, as it could be interpreted as a tract advocating a violent religious extremist scheme, rather than the sensitive, nuanced scholarship found within.\u00a0 Perhaps the title \u201cThe Biblical God and Violence\u201d would more accurately frame the overall content of this important work.<\/p>\n<p>[8] An expansive audience would benefit from studying <em>The Violence of the Biblical God<\/em>\u2014United States Armed Forces Chaplains and Allied partners; Department of Defense Civilians, military and aerospace workforce members; the broad Veterans Affairs, police, law enforcement, legal and judicial communities; citizens and friends at large who apply their faith to pressing issues; Church leaders and Sunday School teachers interested in being advocates for peace and justice.<\/p>\n<p>[9] Specific practical uses of this work include its being a resource for teachers and pastors in expositions of problematic and \u201cmoral example\u201d texts. Asides within sermons, where Old or New Testament war heroes are held up for emulation, could mention the precision and care, mercy and sorrow in biblical depictions of God in the context of war. Dr. Hawk\u2019s book offers a lectionary of texts (including Canaanites Rahab and the Gibeonites) that could become standards by which Armed Forces Chaplains lead and pastor their flocks.\u00a0 Youth group and Sunday School leaders seeking Christian formation resources that address themes of human conflict and peace will welcome this important book (see <em>The Problem of War in the Old Testament<\/em> by Peter Craigie, pp. 16, 17).<\/p>\n<p>[10] <em>The Violence of the Biblical God <\/em>would strengthen essential reading programs and professional training for military chaplains.\u00a0 The issues Dr. Hawk engages are foundational for Chaplaincy ministry and he treats them with breadth and sensitivity. His approach fosters collegiality and community.\u00a0 Seminary Doctor of Ministry and Chaplaincy tracks, graduate and undergraduate theology courses and Chaplain Candidate programs will be richly rewarded by this volume. Indeed, to ignore this book would be a disservice to our profession.<\/p>\n<p>[11] Entry points for discussion, fellowship and shared growth are numerous. For example, ecumenical and interfaith partnerships focusing on Just War\/Peace may \u201cdiscern together how God is at work within the mess to make all things new\u201d (p. 201).\u00a0 Conversations marked by sincere listening and respect \u201cmay model practices of unity and peacemaking that themselves bear the light of Christ to an increasingly polarized world\u201d (p. 208).<\/p>\n<p>[12] In 2004, I served as Joint Task Force 180 Chaplain, overseeing Allied religious support within Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan.\u00a0 Our Aviation Brigade Commander invited me to write a \u201cCommander\u2019s Prayer\u201d for Operation Enduring Freedom, the title of our overall mission.\u00a0 While the prayer continues to be a source of inspiration, I remain conflicted over one line: \u201cWhen Apache gun ships patrol&#8230;allow these state-of-the-art machines to do Your bidding.\u201d\u00a0 My \u201cordination vow\u201d edge seemed to have slipped.\u00a0 Had I possessed Daniel Hawk\u2019s book to mull over, a reinforcing pastoral corrective would have been ready-at-hand. \u00a0In the same restorative spirit, I recommend this illuminating and judicious book today.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[1] In a \u201cLetters\u201d response to an appraisal of this book, author Daniel Hawk writes: \u201cThe review reveals that I missed the bar, and missed it considerably in some instances&#8230;I therefore find the critique painfully illuminating and appreciate [Shai Held\u2019s] pressing it with all due force\u201d (Christian Century, September 11, 2019, p. 6). \u00a0The reviewer\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[72,77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-old-testament-hebrew-bible","category-violence"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Review: The Violence of the Biblical God: Canonical Narrative and Christian Faith by L. 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