{"id":5042,"date":"2020-11-03T02:35:24","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T02:35:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.elca.org\/jle\/?p=5042"},"modified":"2020-11-03T02:35:24","modified_gmt":"2020-11-03T02:35:24","slug":"marching-for-our-lives-on-the-road-to-jericho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learn.elca.org\/jle\/marching-for-our-lives-on-the-road-to-jericho\/","title":{"rendered":"Marching for Our Lives on the Road to Jericho"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

[1] Gun violence and its trauma have reached\u00a0epidemic<\/em>\u00a0proportions. The term epidemic in this instance is both a public health appraisal of the impact of gun violence as well as a metaphor that might spark the civic imagination toward a more effective response. The metaphor is apt in a number of ways: it highlights the increasing number of incidents, the vulnerability of particular communities and groups, the awareness that no one is truly immune, the deadly and damaging impacts on the health and well-being of children and young people, and the primacy of prevention. It suggests that \u201claw and order\u201d approaches to the issue will ultimately be inadequate. The metaphor also invites healthcare ethics and healing practices to contribute to communal response.\u00a0 As a\u00a0public<\/em>\u00a0health issue, the epidemic of gun violence must also be addressed at a structural level and in multivalent, systemic ways.\u00a0 The trauma of gun violence is both\u00a0acute<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0chronic<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[2] This essay will consider the issue of gun violence generally, and school-based\u00a0violence in particular, through\u00a0a Christian ethical lens informed by insights from the field of public health.\u00a0 COVID-19 has familiarized the\u00a0general public\u00a0with key elements of a public health approach to a crisis: prevention, containment, mitigation, access to treatment, and attention to the social determinants of health.\u00a0 Advocates for an end to gun violence can capitalize on that knowledge.\u00a0 Statements and guidelines from the field of trauma informed pediatric medicine and public health can help faith communities frame approaches to gun violence and childhood trauma.\u00a0 Shifting from a \u201cconflict of rights\u201d model in addressing the tensions between gun ownership and the safety of children paves the way for a theological response rooted in the common good tradition of social ethics.<\/p>\n

[3] Scholar Bonnie Miller-McLemore has long been calling Christians to journey \u201cat the pace of children\u201d and this invitation has taken on new and revitalized meaning in the wake of school violence and mass shootings.[1]<\/a>\u00a0 What had been an invitation to journey at a slower pace, the pace of one who is learning to walk or one who stops in wonder and amazement at the details of God\u2019s creation, is now also a prophetic call to pick up the pace.\u00a0 A common good, public health perspective in the context of gun violence is better able to honor the moral agency of young people and their participation in social transformation as\u00a0leaders<\/em>\u00a0who are setting the pace of the March for Our Lives movement<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[4] The essay will proceed in four parts.\u00a0 First, we will briefly assess the advantages and liabilities of using a health-related metaphor for an ethical analysis of gun violence.\u00a0 There are potential dangers that need to be addressed if we are to avoid harmful pitfalls.\u00a0 Second, the essay will highlight some of the voices of young people involved in the March for Our Lives movement. Part three reviews some of the insights of public health approaches that can help guide a Christian response.\u00a0 Finally, these insights and the experiences join conversation with the social justice tradition of the Church and gospel reflection on the parable of the Good Samaritan to frame a response that is pastoral, participatory, and activist.<\/p>\n

An\u00a0Epidemic<\/em>\u00a0of Gun Violence Impacting Young People<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

[5] Thinking about gun violence as an epidemic has clear advantages.\u00a0 It enables us to acknowledge how frequent and widespread this violence is.\u00a0 It highlights the impact such violence has on the well-being of young people in terms of both their physical and mental health \u2013 and this too is widespread and extends beyond the\u00a0particular victims\u00a0and survivors to young people generally. \u00a0The effects of gun violence are not merely personal and interpersonal but rather systemic and structural. It demands attention to root causes and co-morbidities that increase personal and communal vulnerabilities to its most devastating effects.\u00a0 As an epidemic there are\u00a0measures\u00a0we can take to prevent it, treat it, and perhaps even eradicate it. Lessons\u00a0hard-learned\u00a0in previous epidemics also challenge the framing of an illness primarily as a consequence of personal moral failing.<\/p>\n

[6] However, there is an underside to a health or medical\u00a0metaphor\u00a0and it is one that can also have devastating effects, particularly in a society wracked by racism and white supremacy.\u00a0 Christians must reflect on the language we use in describing an epidemic and the ways in which that language has functioned to further entrench the oppression of people of color and other marginalized groups.<\/p>\n

[7] \u201cGoing viral\u201d is now a part of our lexicon, our everyday vocabulary.\u00a0 People use the term to describe how the news of events and phenomena spreads with unprecedented speed and extends far beyond the communal or local context to reach people everywhere.\u00a0 Global awareness of an event or item becomes newsworthy itself.\u00a0 But as COVID-19 has so clearly demonstrated, news of a\u00a0virus<\/em>\u00a0can prompt both reasonable precautions pertaining to the\u00a0virus<\/em>\u00a0and unreasonable fears of other groups of\u00a0people<\/em>.\u00a0 Fear takes a toll on the fearful, and fear frequently has deadly effects for the feared.\u00a0 Fear distorts the ability to respond in a meaningful way to restore health and healing.<\/p>\n

[8] Words like\u00a0epidemic<\/em>, and\u00a0viral<\/em>\u00a0are frequently paired with words like\u00a0contagion<\/em>.\u00a0 Their precise meaning in a medical context becomes blurred in a social context. The idea of contagion has been highly racialized and has provided cover for segregationist policy in everything from housing, to education, to migration within and between borders.\u00a0 \u201cWars\u201d (an even more problematic metaphor for both illness and gun violence) to end everything from poverty, to drug trade and drug addiction, to actual viruses like HIV and COVID, morph into wars on people who are poor, are immigrants, are addicted, and who are presumed ill (often according to the color of their skin or other stigmatized identities).\u00a0 The vital knowledge that people of color are more likely to contract COVID-19, require hospitalization, or die from the infection than white people, can easily be misinterpreted in the context of racism as a sign of a biological or genetic difference rather than a signal of the social and structural causes in underlying medical or environmental conditions. A Christian approach to gun violence must retain the insight that this is a health issue without falling into racist and segregationist habits that undermine solidarity with victims, survivors, and activists both young and old.<\/p>\n

A March for Our Lives<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

[9] Though it can be difficult to mine the data on gun violence in schools, in 2019, CNN reported that in the previous decade there had been 180 shootings and 356 victims (killed and injured).\u00a0 Their analysis of the numbers revealed,<\/p>\n

Over the past decade, there were at least 180 shootings at K-12 schools across the US. They happened in big cities and in small towns, at homecoming games and during art classes, as students are leaving campus in the afternoon and during late-night arguments in school parking lots.<\/p>\n

And they are happening more often.<\/p>\n

CNN analyzed locations, time of day, type of school and student demographics to better understand how this trauma grips the country. While school shootings disproportionately affect urban schools and people of color, mass shootings are more likely to occur at white, suburban schools.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Mass shootings\u00a0in particular garner\u00a0national attention, grief, and outrage.\u00a0 While the horror of these events justifies the public reaction, it may also be another indication of white privilege that leaves incidents occurring in schools serving communities of color underreported.\u00a0 The school shooting at Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida in 2018 marked a turning point, or perhaps a breaking point.\u00a0 Student leaders, while injured, grieved, and traumatized, did not passively accept the role of vulnerable victims.\u00a0 Instead, they joined a noble tradition of youth activism for civil rights, environmental sustainability, the dignity of black lives, and gender equality.[3]<\/a>\u00a0 Just weeks after the tragedy, these students and their adult allies organized a massive protest in Washington, D.C. which has gone on to become an organization dedicated to changing legislation and public policy and empowering youth activism.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

[10] The speech given by MSD student Emma Gonzalez captured the experiences of young people,<\/p>\n

\u201cFor those who still\u00a0can’t\u00a0comprehend, because they refuse to, I’ll tell you where it went. Six feet into the ground, six feet deep. Six minutes and 20 seconds with an AR-15, and my friend Carmen would never complain to me about piano practice. Aaron\u00a0Feis\u00a0would never call Kyra “miss sunshine,” Alex Schachter would never walk into school with his brother Ryan, Scott\u00a0Beigel\u00a0would never joke around with Cameron at camp, Helena Ramsay would never hang around after school with Max, Gina Montalto would never wave to her friend Liam at lunch, Joaquin Oliver would never play basketball with Sam or Dylan. Alaina Petty would never, Cara\u00a0Loughren\u00a0would never, Chris Hixon would never, Luke Hoyer would never, Martin Duque Anguiano would never, Peter Wang would never, Alyssa\u00a0Alhadeff\u00a0would never, Jamie Guttenberg would never, Jamie Pollack would never.\u201d[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

[11] Gonzalez\u2019 words were poignant and powerful, as was her rhetorical use of silence.\u00a0 They made the very personal losses vivid and palpable to everyone with ears to hear. The March for Our Lives activists turned grief to anger and anger to action for social change. These young people would not be easily dismissed by those elected to represent them. According to Evie\u00a0Wybenga, then a student at Andover High School in Massachusetts,\u00a0\u201cSomething that’s been in my brain, something that I’ve been thinking about since this started, is that I feel like people underestimate the power of students when it comes to change like this.\u201d[6]<\/a>\u00a0Indeed, student activists staged protests, school walkouts, wrote letters, and held voter registration drives to exercise the moral agency they possess as human beings and the moral authority that comes from surviving violence.<\/p>\n

[12] Adult allies and mentors do play a crucial role.\u00a0 A student from Massachusetts describes how his research into the topic of gun violence sparked a friendship with Dr. Michael Hirsch, pediatric surgeon at UMass Memorial Medical Center and Medical Director for the Worcester, MA Department of Public Health.\u00a0 According to the student,\u00a0“[Hirsch] opened my eyes to that I could still do something about it,” and “Just because I was young, that doesn’t mean I didn’t have to stand by and wait until I was older in order to be a part of that process. I think he sort of encouraged me to still be a part of that process, especially after the Parkland shooting and after kids were being very involved in the political process of enforcing more legislation against gun violence.”[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Insights from Public Health<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

[13] Noting the prevalence of gun violence in the United States, its potential to exacerbate other forms of violence, and its place among the leading causes of death, the American Public Health Association calls gun violence a public health crisis.\u00a0 They advocate for primary prevention as a key strategy that incorporates \u201cactivities to interrupt the transmission of violence\u201d which include:<\/p>\n

(1) conducting surveillance to track gun-related deaths and injuries, gain insight into the causes of gun violence and assess the impact of\u00a0interventions;<\/p>\n

(2) identifying\u00a0risk factors<\/em>\u00a0associated with gun violence (e.g., poverty and depression) and\u00a0resilience or protective factors<\/em>\u00a0that guard against gun violence (e.g., youth access to trusted adults);<\/p>\n

(3) developing,\u00a0implementing\u00a0and evaluating interventions to reduce risk factors and build resilience; and<\/p>\n

(4) institutionalizing successful prevention strategies.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

The Centers for Disease Control also advocated for a public health approach to all forms of violence that encompasses similar steps: monitoring, identifying risks and protective factors, developing and testing prevention measures, and \u201cassuring widespread adoption\u201d of successful measures.[9]<\/a>\u00a0The American Academy of Pediatrics, in a 2012 policy statement, highlights primary prevention strategies and prioritizes public policy that reduces the number of firearms in homes, regulation of firearms by consumer product safety standards, parental counseling of parents by pediatricians about the risks of firearms in the home, funding research into firearm injury and death, and increased education for pediatricians and other professionals dedicated to the care of children.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

[14] It is important to note key differences in the ways this health issue is framed that differ from the spread of a virus like COVID-19, but which can never-the-less creep into approaches to gun violence.\u00a0 Absent are terms like containment, isolation, and quarantine which are part of daily life during COVID.\u00a0 In a time when public health has become highly politicized, a public health approach to violence must be on guard against the temptation to isolate or seal off communities with higher rates of gun violence and the young people who live in them, keeping them and their families from education and work.<\/p>\n

Theological Reflection on Experience and Evidence<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

[15] How might Christian communities reflect on these experiences of gun violence among young people and the insights and evidence provided by public health researchers\u00a0in light of\u00a0the gospel?\u00a0 How might these reflections be further shaped by the social justice tradition within Christianity to map out ethical responses to the harms and trauma?\u00a0Contemplating the parable of the Good Samaritan is a place to start (Luke 10:25-37).<\/p>\n

[16] Someone has fallen victim to a violent robbery on the road to Jericho.\u00a0 We might imagine a young person a victim of gun violence, and perhaps even young perpetrators of violence, in a \u201cdangerous\u201d neighborhood.\u00a0 Perhaps this victim had been mistaken for a robber by someone who out to have known better than to shoot first. We might imagine parents and children who lie awake with worry about each other traveling this road each day. The officials who ought to have responded, turned away in the moment and neglected to address the conditions on the road when they got to their destinations. The one who is truly neighbor stops and responds to the acute nature of injuries.\u00a0 The neighbor also provides the means for ongoing support and the time needed for healing.\u00a0 And presumably, the neighbor sets out on the road again, entering what might be called a chaotic situation with a spirit of compassion and mercy.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

[17]\u00a0Let\u2019s\u00a0notice too that for victims to become survivors, they need not one neighbor but many, and as in the parable, they need them to come from every quarter.\u00a0 Neighbors might be high school students who are fed up with being afraid and ignored, LGBTQIA+ and Black Lives Matter youth who are both disproportionately victims of violence, a 63 year-old trauma surgeon who has stitched together too many young bodies, legislators who keep proposing gun reform to no avail, the public health researchers who have been keeping track of injuries on this road, of who is being injured, how, and why in the hopes of preventing such tragedy, mental health professionals attuned to trauma and resilience, ministers who denounce violence from the pulpit and take a prophetic stance on gun-reform, teachers who have adopted abolitionist and anti-racist pedagogy, and everyone who walks the Jericho road and has been made invisible. The neighbor could be you and me.<\/p>\n

[18] Imagine the neighbors, young and old, courageously pouring out onto to the road to Jericho, filling it with righteous anger, calls for legislative reform and an end to the way of violence both interpersonal and systemic, and songs of hope to sustain the effort. They take up so much space that there is no longer room for violence. These neighbors pledge a response characterized by 1) solidarity across difference rather than stigma and fear, 2) prevention and the practice of presence with those who are most at risk, 3) social justice that places rights in the context of our responsibilities to one another, 4) honoring the moral agency and leadership of young people, and 5) every widening circles of inclusion and participation in the effort.\u00a0 The work of addressing the epidemic of gun violence and the trauma it inflicts, particularly on children and young people, is social justice work.\u00a0 It is also participating in the healing ministry of Jesus which is ultimately about restoring the bonds of human community.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Notes:<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0See Bonnie Miller-McLemore,\u00a0Also a Mother: Work and Family as Theological Dilemma<\/em>\u00a0(Nashville: Abingdon, 1994);\u00a0Let the Children Come: Re-imagining Childhood from a Christian Perspective<\/em>\u00a0(San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003); and\u00a0In the Midst of Chaos: Caring for Children as Spiritual Practice<\/em>\u00a0(San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2006).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0CNN, \u201c10 years. 180 school shootings. 356 victims\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/interactive\/2019\/07\/us\/ten-years-of-school-shootings-trnd\/<\/a><\/p>\n

(Accessed 8\/29\/20).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0For a brief description see, Mary M. Doyle Roche, \u201cCultivating Resistance: Youth Protest and the Common Good,\u201d Jason King and Julie Hanlon Rubio, eds.\u00a0Sex, Love, and Families: Catholic Perspectives<\/em>\u00a0(Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 2020):293-303.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0March for Our Lives,\u00a0https:\/\/marchforourlives.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

(Accessed 8\/29\/20).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0Emma Gonzalez\u2019 March speech is available on\u00a0Youtube\u00a0at\u00a0https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=u46HzTGVQhg<\/a><\/p>\n

(Accessed 8\/29\/20).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0Harry\u00a0Bruinius, \u201cAfter Parkland, a new generation finds its voice,\u201d\u00a0The Christian Science Monitor<\/em>,\u00a0https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/USA\/Politics\/2018\/0221\/After-Parkland-a-new-generation-finds-its-voice<\/a>\u00a0(Accessed, 8\/29\/20).<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cParkland shooting, interest in finding solutions to gun violence help teen, 63-year-old surgeon develop unique friendship\u201d\u00a0Mass Live<\/em>,\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.masslive.com\/news\/worcester\/2018\/05\/for_a_16-year-old_worcester_ac.html<\/a>\u00a0<\/u>(Accessed 8\/29\/20).<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0American Public Health Association, \u201cGun Violence is a Public Health Crisis Fact Sheet\u201d<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.apha.org\/topics-and-issues\/gun-violence#:~:text=Gun%20violence%20is%20a%20leading,this%20growing%20crisis%20is%20necessary.<\/a>\u00a0(Accessed 8\/29\/20).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0Centers for Disease Control, \u201cThe public health approach to violence prevention,\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/publichealthissue\/publichealthapproach.html<\/a><\/p>\n

(Accessed 8\/29\/20)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>\u00a0American Academy of Pediatrics, \u201cPolicy Statement on Firearm-Related Injuries Affecting the Pediatric Population,\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/www.aap.org\/en-us\/advocacy-and-policy\/aap-health-initiatives\/child_death_review\/Pages\/Gun-Violence.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n

(accessed 8\/29\/20).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[11]<\/a>\u00a0James Keenan,\u00a0The Works of Mercy: The Heart of Catholicism<\/em>\u00a0(Lanham, MD: Rowman &\u00a0Littlefied, 2017).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Introduction [1] Gun violence and its trauma have reached\u00a0epidemic\u00a0proportions. The term epidemic in this instance is both a public health appraisal of the impact of gun violence as well as a metaphor that might spark the civic imagination toward a more effective response. The metaphor is apt in a number of ways: it highlights the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-child-youth-family","category-violence"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMarching for Our Lives on the Road to Jericho - Journal of Lutheran Ethics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.elca.org\/jle\/marching-for-our-lives-on-the-road-to-jericho\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marching for Our Lives on the Road to Jericho - Journal of Lutheran Ethics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introduction [1] Gun violence and its trauma have reached\u00a0epidemic\u00a0proportions. 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